the Five Confucian Relationships 五常

personal relationships 人际关系；伦常

the Confucianist 儒家

the Legalist 法家

the examination system 科举制度

the“Eight-Legged Essay” 八股文

the scholar-gentry class 士大夫阶层

Pure Flowing Party 清流党

the Imperial Commissioner 钦差大臣

governor-general 总督

governor 巡抚

censor 御史

provincial treasure 布政使

provincial judge 按察使

provincial commander-in-chief 提督