饥荒夏季:引自凯茨写给弗朗西斯的信。George Kates to Henry Francis,January 31,1955,Henry Sayles Francis Papers,SAAA.

那些家具去了休斯顿之类的地方:引自凯茨写给弗朗西斯的信。Kates to Francis,May 10,1956,Henry Sayles Francis Papers,SAAA.

这个季节,使我学会了如何适应居无定所:引自凯茨写给弗朗西斯的信。Kates to Francis,July 21,1955,Henry Sayles Francis Papers,SAAA.

真正重要的:引自凯茨致弗朗西斯的信。Kates to Francis,June 26,1956,Henry Sayles Francis Papers,SAAA.

明代家具之王:参见《谈论城镇》,1961年2月11日《纽约客》。“Talk of the Town”,New Yorker,February 11,1961.

家具不仅是“文明生活”之必须:引自《明代》,1999年4~5月《启程》。Wendy Moonan,“Ming Dynasty,”Departures,May/April 1999,http://www.departures.com/arts-and-culture/ming-dynasty.

“烧它们,打砸它们”:同上。

有关佳士得拍卖公司拍卖情况:参见《文物:中国对家具的兴趣》,1997年9月19日《纽约时报》。Wendy Moonan,“Antiques:The Interest in Furniture from China”,NYT,September 19,1997;Rita Reif,“Learning to Love Furniture from China”,NYT,October 6,1996.

<h3>第八章 铁轨上的艺术</h3>

是美国人民在19世纪取得的最伟大的成就:参见斯蒂芬《世上绝无仅有:1863年至1869年跨大洲铁路建设》。Stephen E.Ambrose,Nothing Like It in the World:On Building the Transcontinental Railroad,1863-1869(New York:Simon&Schuster,2000),17~18.

当他细述那些铁轨的战略含义时:引自《阴影下的锦标赛:亚洲追逐帝国的精彩比赛》。Karl E.Neyer and Shareen Blair Brysac,Tournament of Shadows:The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Asia(Washington,DC:Counterpoint,and New York:Basic Books,1998),565~566.

把自己裹入蚕茧:参见《拥有骄傲》。Aline B.Saarinen,The Proud Possessors(New York:Random House,1958),121~122.关于弗利尔的早年生活,见《弗利尔:一个艺术传奇》。Thomas Lawton and Linda Merrill,Freer:A Legacy of Art(New York:Abrams,1993),passim.

请允许我首先对你说:引自惠斯特写给弗利尔的信。Whistler to Freer,March 24,1897,quoted in Helen Nebeker Tomlinson,Charles Lang Freer:Pioneer Collector of Oriental Art Collector(doctoral dissertation,Case Western Reserve University,1979),236.

中国历史学家林成(音译Cheng Lin)进一步写道:引自《中国铁路历史调查》。Cheng Lin,The Chinese Railroads:A Historical Survey(Shanghai:China United Press,1935),v~vii,12~13,26~62.

据林成的详细统计:同上,23页以下。

他在中国可以学习,也可以给人上课:参见《东亚艺术和美国文化》。see Cohen,East Asian Art and American Culture,65.

对那些无价东方艺术品的所有看法:参见《拥有骄傲》。Marian Bell,quoted in Saarinen,The Proud Possessors,136.

我们强有力的美利坚合众国:引自罗斯福总统讲话。TR’s address at Mechanics Pavilion,San Francisco,May 13,1903,quoted in Howard K.Beale,Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of America to World Power(Baltimore:Johns Hopkins Press,1956),172~173.

如果学会董事会反对:参见汤姆林森《查尔斯·朗·弗利尔》。Tomlinson,Charles Lang Freer.

那位热心、勤勉的业余收藏家:参见《拥有骄傲》。Saarinen,The Proud Possessors,137.

我不允许任何向我推销东西的人到酒店里看我:引自弗利尔写给弗兰克的信。Freer to Frank Hecker,September 17,1909,quoted in Tomlinson,Charles Lang Freer,544.

他是否应该抓住机会:同上,558页。

那些分类,会依据弗利尔的个人风险程度,能否获得成功,以及是否影响他的好名声,变得左右摇摆:同上,580页。

返回美国与底特律新闻记者面谈时:同上,574页。

至于两人之间的关系:参见《权力、特权和历史:凯瑟琳·格雷姆的故事》。Carol Felsenthal,Power,Privilege and The Post:The Katherine Graham Story(New York:Putnam,1993),25~26.

对弗利尔所购藏品进行过详细记录:引自王伊悠《卢芹斋与弗利尔美术馆中国收藏的形成》。Daisy Yiyou Wang,“C.T.Loo and the Formation of the Chinese Collection at the Freer Gallery”,in Jason Steuber and Guolong Lai,eds.,Collectors,Collections and Collecting the Arts of China(Gainesville:University Press of Florida,2014),151~182.

1923年,弗利尔美术馆开馆:引自王伊悠《来自中国的卢浮宫》。cited in Yiyou Wang,The Loouvre from China,168.

王博士引用了艾格尼丝·迈耶的话:同上,173页。

<h3>第九章 瓷器泡沫</h3>

他对此给出了一个合理的答案:引自《英国贵族的衰退与没落》。Lewis Namier,quoted in David Cannadine,The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy(New Haven,CT:Yale University Press,1990),182.

1882年,哈密尔顿公爵成为第一个吃螃蟹者:同上。all figures taken from ibid.,passim.

使美国人支配了世界艺术市场:参见《品位经济》和《拥有骄傲》。Gerald Reitlinger,The Economics of Taste(New York:Holt,Rinehart,1963),228.See also Saarinen,The Proud Possessors,56~90.

在那些入迷观众中:引自《威廉与沃尔特斯:讳莫如深的收藏家》。details from William R.Johnston,William and Henry Walters:The Reticent Collectors(Baltimore:John Hopkins University Press,1999).

公众没有拥有桃花天球瓶:同上,98页。

如历史学家沃伦·科恩所叙述:引自《东亚艺术与美国文化》。Cohen,East Asian Art and American Culture,30~31.

亚洲人对逻辑的理解:同上,32页。

福尔斯从知情人角度:引自《杜维恩兄弟回忆录》。Edward Fowles,Memories of the Duveen Brothers(London:Times Books,1976),77~78.

有关詹姆斯·加兰德:参见《加兰德的珍贵瓷器来自哪里》,1902年3月16日《纽约时报》。details from Ivy Lee,“Where Garland’s Rare Porcelains Were Found”,NYT,March 16,1902,passim.

那种事情怎会发生:同上。

我为那件瓷瓶花的钱,超过了你在57街的房子:引自《辉煌与黄金》。as related by Cesnola’s biographer,Elizabeth McFadden,The Glitter and the Gold(New York:Dial Press,1971).

我知道,加兰德先生的收藏并不完整:引自《杜维恩家族的崛起》。James Henry Duveen,The Rise of the House of Duveen(New York:Knopf,1957),194.

加兰德先生是一位非常好的人:引自《著名的加兰德收藏更名记》。unsigned article headed“To Rename Famous Garland Collection,”NYT,August6,1900.

那时的摩根,已全身心陷入与艺术的恋爱中:引自《美国金融家摩根》一书。Jean Strouse,Morgan:American Financier(New York:Random House,1999),485.

1913年3月12日,他进一步发来了以下消息:all quoted cable texts from J.Pierpont Morgan Jr.Papers,Morgan Library,ARC 1216,Box 201,File 322.The sole published account of this episode that we encountered appeared in an unsigned note inThe New Yorker’s“Talk of the Town,”dated March 18,1996.

巨头摩根的离世,也给大都会艺术博物馆带来了隐约不祥之感:引自《商人与收藏》。details from Calvin Tomkins,Merchants and Masterpieces:The Story of the Metropolitan Museum(New York:Dutton,1970),178.

愿望和意愿:参见1915年2月9日《纽约时报》。NYT,February 9,1915,no byline.

<h3>第十章 洛克菲勒家族的浪漫</h3>

海约翰大使给美国总统威廉·麦金利写道:参见《战争精神:美西战争研究》。Walter Mills,The Martial Spirit:A Study of Our War with Spain(Cambridge,MA:Riverside Press,1931),316,340.The“splendid little war”phrase was in a letter to Theodore Roosevelt.

对此结果起决定性作用的:参见《血缘、阶级与乡愁》。Christopher Hitchens,Blood,Class and Nostalgia:Anglo-American Ironies(New York:Farrar,Straus&Giroux,1990),63~76.

难道你们没有人认识到:参见《罗斯福传》。Henry F.Pringle,Theodore Roosevelt:A Biography(New York:Harcourt,Brace,1931),216~223.

皮尔庞特·摩根通知华尔街:引自《摩根》一书。Strouse,Morgan,404.

戴维·格雷哈姆·菲利普斯是一位以揭发丑闻为生的记者:参见罗恩·彻诺《巨人:老洛克菲勒的生活》。Ron Chernow,Titan:The Life of John D.Rockefeller Sr.(New York:Random House,1998),358.

我曾有机会参观佛罗伦萨、巴黎和伦敦的伟大美术馆:参见《美国国会记录》。Senator Benjamin Tillman,Congressional Record(June 12,1909),Vol.4,Pt.2,3169;quoted in Karl E.Meyer,The Art Museum:Power,Money,Ethics(New York:Morrow,1979),32.

当《佩恩-阿尔德里奇关税法》获得通过时:参见《艺术商人专业收藏八十年:1880~1960》。Germain Seligman,Merchants of Art:1880-1960,Eighty Years of Professional Collecting(New York:Appleton,Century-Croft,1961),75~76.

苏珊娜提醒我们:参见《美国版美第奇家族》一书。Suzanne Loebl,America’s Medicis:The Rockefellers and Their Astonishing Cultural Legacy(New York:HarperCollins,2010),xi~xii.

甚至在我们位于纽约西区54街的家门口:参见《戴维·洛克菲勒回忆录》。David Rockefeller,Memoirs(New York:Random House,2002),20~21.

拉得洛事件,成为父亲一个至关重要的成人仪式:同上。

房间里面到处都是来自世界各地的艺术品:同上,23~24页。

父亲引以为豪、并爱不释手的:同上,25页。

那次交易成了星星之火:参见《美国版美第奇家族》。Loebl,America’s Medicis,7~8.

我曾多次参观大都会艺术博物馆:引自小洛克菲勒写给父亲的信。JDR Jr.to JDR Sr.,January 28,1915,er seq.,Rockefeller Archives.

我对此有些担心:引自小洛克菲勒写给父亲的信。JDR Sr.to JDR Jr.,January 29,1915.

我从未在马匹、游艇、汽车或其他愚蠢的奢侈品上浪费过钱财:引自小洛克菲勒写给父亲的信。JDR Jr.to JDR Sr.,January 31,1915.

他一直保持着对那些美物的兴趣:参见《戴维·洛克菲勒回忆录》。David Rockefeller,Memoirs,25.

对小洛克菲勒来说:引自彻诺《巨人》。Chernow,Titan,622.

与那件敞口瓶一起来的:引自埃德加·格尔写给小洛克菲勒的信。Edgar Gorer to JDR Jr.,February 3,1915;Rockefeller Family Archives,Record Group III:21,Box 133;Home Series(10 West53 rd Street);Porcelain Invoices,1908-1932.

2月19日,小洛克菲勒追问格尔:引自小洛克菲勒写给格尔的信。ibid.,JDR Jr.to Edgar Gorer,February 19,1915.

第二天:引自格尔写给小洛克菲勒的信。ibid.,Gorer to Junior,February 20,1915.

小洛克菲勒对此并不满意:引自小洛克菲勒写给格尔的信。ibid.,JDR Jr.to Edgar Gorer,February 23,1915;Gorer to Junior,March 8,1915.

3月16日,小洛克菲勒给格尔写了封信:小洛克菲勒写给格尔的信。JDR Jr.to Gorer,March 16,1915.

《纽约时报》以头版位置刊登了格尔打官司的新闻:参见《对决杜维恩,索赔575000美元》,1915年5月7日《纽约时报》。see no byline,“Rival Sues Duveens/Asks for$575000,”NYT,May 7,1915.

然而,可怕的巧合是:参见1915年5月9日《纽约时报》。no byline,“Fifty New Yorkers/Lost in First Class,”NYT,May 9,1915.

关于格尔遇难,参见1915年6月6日《纽约时报》。no byline,“Swam Four Hours/From Lusitania”,NYT,June 6,1915.For further details on Gorer,see essay by Prof.Nick Pearce,Department of Art History,University of Glasgow,“Gorer v.Lever:Edgar Gorer and William Hesketh Lever”(accessible online,no date).

当时美国公认的离经叛道者H.L.门肯:参见《偏见:第五系列丛书》。see H.L.Mencken,Prejudices:Fifth Series(New York:Knopf,1926),287~288.

喝完咖啡后,马蒂斯转向小洛克菲勒:参见《美国版美第奇家族》as related by Loebl,America’s Medicis,141.

马蒂斯总结道:同上。

人们可以想象:同上,149~150页。

以表示我对妻子感情的尊重:引自小洛克菲勒写给山中商会的信。JDR Jr.To Mr.Miya at Yamanaka,June 13,1924,Rockefeller Family Archives.

石像飘逸的服饰褶皱源于古希腊:参见《洛克菲勒家中的中国装饰物》。see Stanley K.Abe,“Rockefeller Home decorating and Objects from China,”in VimalinPujivachical,ed.,Collecting China(Newark:University of Delaware Press,2011),112 et seq.

我对两件中国鎏金青铜器的出价是175000美元:引自小洛克菲勒写给山中商会的信。JDR Jr.To Mr.Miya at Yamanaka,January 20,1925,Rockefeller Family Archives.

感谢你的来信,也祝贺洛克菲勒夫人:引自山中商会致洛克菲勒的信。Mr.Miya at Yamanaka,January 21,1925,Rockefeller Family Archives.

编撰了一份有关市场易变性的研究报告:参见《艺术经销商、洛克菲勒家族及美国的中国艺术网络》。Daisy Yiyou Wang,“Art Dealers,the Rockefellers and the Network of Chinese Art in America”,a report presentedin 2008 to the Rockefeller Archive Center,accessible online at http://www.rockarch.org/publications/resrep/pdf/wang.pdf,1~2.

卢芹斋通过在其收藏中摆上自己卖出的货:同上,5~6页。

由于去年我们与中国政府之间出现的麻烦:同上,69~70,183页。

再没有比财神更受人崇拜的神像了:参见《中国瓷器的象征》,1962年夏《大都会艺术博物馆期刊》。Fong Chow,“Symbolism in Chinese P Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin orcelain”,,New Series,Vol.21:1(Summer 1962),17.

<h3>第十一章 清朝官吏</h3>

中国最伟大的历史时期:参见《全新中国史》。John King Fairbank,China:A New History(Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1992),93~99.

最后是“殿试”:同上。

据张珺研究:参见《满族蜘蛛》。Elya Jun Zhang,Spider Manchu:Duanfang as Networker and Spindoctor 1901-1911(doctoral dissertation,University of California,2008).

资深学者托马·劳顿等人:参见《变革时代:两位中国艺术收藏家》等。Thomas Lawton,A Time of Transition:Two Collectors of Chinese Art(Lawrence:Spenser Museum of Art,University of Kansas,1991),14;and Edward J.M.Rhoads,Manchus and Han:Ethinic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China,1861-1928(Seattle:University of Washington Press,illustrated reprint),55.

张珺对迎驾场面进行了以下描述:参见《满族蜘蛛》。Zhang,Spider Manchu.

是当晚真正的英雄:参见1906年2月3日《纽约时报》。no byline,“Mission boards Host to Chinese Envoys/‘No East,No West,’Dr.Butler Quotes at Dinner,”NYT,February 3,1906.

他给予了部分回应:参见《变革时代》。Lawton,A Time of Transition,53.

在大都会艺术博物馆:同上,10页。

端方的好奇心:参见《青铜外交:清朝特使端方出访欧美》。for a thorough appraisal of this breakthrough mission,see conference papers in Atlanta(2008)and Philadelphia(2010)of the Asian Studies Association,notably Elya Jun Zhang,“Bronze Diplomacy:Duanfang as an Imperial Commissioner in Europe and America,”accessible online at http://asian-studies.org/absts/China/C-19.htm.

美国普林斯顿大学学者拉腊·亚西尔引用了一位高官的话:参见《征集中国艺术与文化》。Netting,Acquiring Chinese Art and Culture:The Collections and Scholarship of John C,Ferguson(dissertation,Princeton University,2009).

扩散到商代中国的其他地方:参见《发掘中国历史》。Jan Fontein and Tung Wu,Unearthing China’s Past(Boston:Museum of Fine Arts/New York Graphic Society,1973),41~42.

正如托马斯·劳顿写道:参见《变革时代》。Lawton,A Time of Transition,65.

世上几乎每座博物馆都拥有了中国收藏:同上,132页。

破坏宫廷礼仪的最严重罪行:参见《端方降职:女人干政,自私的王室难辞其咎》,1910年1月2日《纽约时报》。no byline,“Tuan-Fang’s Degradation:A Woman’s Influence and Selfish Dynasty Responsible for It,”NYT,January 2,1910.

情况令人绝望:参见《中国辛亥革命》。Edwin J.Dingle,China’s Revolution 1911-1912(New York:McBride,Nast&Co.,1912),235.

端方“被高看为‘封疆大吏’”:同上,236页。

对端方最后时刻的记录相互矛盾:参见1911年12月19日《纽约时报》等。NYT dispatches from China dated December 19,1911,and December 30,1911 and appraised by both Lawton,A Time of Transition,and Netting,Acquiring Chinese Art and Culture.

根据20世纪30年代北京流传的故事:参见《变革时代》。Lawton,A Time of Transition,62~63.

那件青铜禁及其全套祭祀礼器独一无二:引自福开森写给赖茨的信。Ferguson to Bosch Reitz,July 28,1923,32.146 Curatorial Files,Far Eastern Art,MMA.

我必须与端方夫人、她的儿子、媳妇、女儿、女婿打交道:引自福开森写给赖茨的信。Ferguson to Bosch Reitz,October 29,1923,35.146 Curatorial Files,Far Eastern Art,MMA.

幸运的是,依靠我与端方总督的友谊和合作:引自福开森写给赖茨的信。Ferguson to Bosch Reitz,January 10,1924,35.146 Curatorial Files,Far Eastern Art,MMA.

人们的目光都落在了那件“皿方罍”身上:参见诺德艺术博客。details from“More Than$30 Million for Massive Ancient Chinese Bronze Vessel at Christie’s”,Nord on Art Blog,March 30,2014.

张珺对此进行了盖棺论定:参见《满族蜘蛛》。Elya Jun Zhang,Spider Manchu,363.

皆作为权力象征而制造:参见艺术新闻网。Eileen Kinsella,“Christie’s CEO was‘Panicked’Over Chiense Buyer Default,Leading to Private Sale of Ancient Bronze”,News.Artnet.com newsletter,March 30,2014.

<h3>第十二章 加拿大幽会中国</h3>

有关安大略皇家博物馆的中国石狮:参见1994年第2期《美成在久》杂志。Jennie Thomas Parker,“Chinese Guardian Lions at the Royal Ontario Museum”,Orientations,Vol.25:2(February 1994),53~57.

安大略皇家博物馆的创建:参见《安大略皇家博物馆的三人组合》等。see details in Dennis Duffy,“Triangulating the ROM,”Journal of Canadian Studies,Vol.40(2006),167~169;see also Marguerite Van Die,Religion and Public Life in Canada(Toronto:University of Toronto Press,2001).

任何多伦多的中产阶级父母:参见《安大略皇家博物馆的三人组合》等。Duffy,“Triangulating the ROM,”158.See also Charles Trick Currelly,I Brought the Ages Home(Toronto:Ryerson Press,1956),passim.

我从未见过这类文物:同上,243~244页。

属于现有最高荣誉:同上。

藏品中为数不少的杰出墓葬人物雕塑,以及类似的顶级代表作:引自华尔纳《克罗夫茨收藏》。Langdon Warner,“The Crofts Collection,”194.

如华尔纳详细叙述:同上。

连“中国艺术”这个词汇:参见《中国艺术》。Craig Clunas,Art in China(Oxford:Oxford University Press,1997),9.

一种从中间劈开的管状刀片:参见彼得·赫斯勒《甲骨文:中国时空穿越之旅》。Peter Hessler,Oracle Bones:A Journey through Time in China(New York:Harper Perennial,2007),4.

那不属于暂时、或偷偷摸摸的盗窃:参见费正清《与中国半个世纪的不解之缘》。Fairbank,Chinabound,59.

与我一起大笑吧:参见《河南主教怀履光》。Lewis Walmsley,Bishop in Honan:William C,White(Toronto:University of Toronto Press,1974),73.

怀履光被一种永无止境渴望和富于感染性的精神兴奋所驱动:同上,108页。

怀履光身材瘦小柔软:同上。

我们有一个形象见证:关于《清明上河图》的细部分析,参见《中国艺术史》。Bradley Smith and Wan-go Weng,China:A History in Art(New York:Doubleday,1972),160~169.

那封信说:引自《我把历史带回家》。Currelly,I Brought the Ages Home,251.

我们拥有了一组我从未见过、最令人难忘的绘画:引自《我把历史带回家》。Currelly,I Brought the Ages Home,251.

他评论道:参见《古都洛阳陵墓》。John Ferguson,“Forward,”in White,Tombs of Old Lo-yang(Shanghai:Kelly&Walsh Ltd.,1934),xxi.

他对所有相关问题进行了辩论:参见《跨越文化和信仰:明义士的生活与事业》。Linfu Dong,Cross Culture and Faith:The Life and Work of James Mellon Menzies(Toronto:University of Toronto Press,2005),passim.

明义士总共收集了35913件带铭文甲骨:参见2008年1月19日多伦多《环球邮报》。Geoffrey York,“The Unsung Canadian Some Knew as‘Old Bones,’”Globe and Mail(Toronto),January 19,2008,updated March 30,2009.

随着周克商:参见费正清《中国》。John King Fairbank,China,39.

不进行考古发掘时:参见《跨越文化和信仰:明义士的生活与事业》。Dong,Cross Culture and Faith,288~295.

出版了16本有关中国商代的书籍和专题论文:参见多伦多《环球邮报》。Michael Posner,“Arthur Menzies Was a[n]Extraordinary Diplomat for 40 Years,”Globe and Mail(Toronto),March 21,2010.

“千古遗珍”首次在北美展示了一批中国最近出土的文物:参见2014年第5期《美成在久》杂志。fttingly,the May 2014 issue of Orientations(Vol.45,No.4)was devoted to ROM’s anniversary and to the Forbidden City exhibition,including key articles by Curator Chen Shen.

<h3>第十三章 绘画的力量</h3>

让我向美国商人们大喊:参见美国国会记录,引自《阴影下的竞赛》。Congressional Record,June 14,1898,quoted in Meyer and Brysac,Tournament of Shadows,398.

荷马《伊利亚特》的英雄们所取得的成就,真是小巫见大巫:参见《1904年世界博览会:在展望中回首》。“1904 World’s Fair:Looking Back at Looking Forward,”Missouri Historical Society,http://mohistory.org/exhibits/Fair/WF/HTML/Overview/.

中国人曾低调参加了1893年芝加哥博览会、1900年巴黎博览会:参见《1904年世界博览会的中国艺术》。information from Kristina Kleutghen,“Chinese Art at the 1904 World Expo,”quoting Theodore Hardee,“China’s Remarkable Exhibit at the World’s Fair”,NYT,August28,1904,http://kristinakleutghen.com/2010/06/30/chinese-art-at-the-1904-world-expo/.

穿着中国本土服装的男女假模特:参见《世界博览会上的中国名优展品》。Hardee,“China’s Remarkable Exhibit at the World’s Fair”.

明显地拥挤:参见《圣路易斯博览会》等。The Louisiana Purchase Exposition(St.Louis,MO:Universal Exposition Publishing Company,1905),287;and Carol Ann Christ,“‘The Sole Guardians of the Art Inheritance of Asia’:Japan and China at the 1904 St.Louis World’s Fair,”Positions,Vol.8 L 3(Winter 2000),701.Information from The Louisiana Purchase Exposition,291.

他做出的贡献比任何人都多:参见《与龙共舞》。W.A.P.Martin,A Cycle of Cathay,411,quoted in Julia Boyd,A Dance with the Dragon:The Vanished World of Peking’s Foreign Colony(New York:I.B.Tauris,2012),52.

赫德是一位了不起的人物:参见《与龙共舞》等。Charles Stewart Addis,memoir(n.d.,but post-1885),HSBC archives,S 016/002 c,quoted in Boyd,A Dance with Dragon,36.

关于慈禧太后与赫德的关系,参见《龙夫人》。Seagrave,Dragon Lady,452.

《牛津英国名人录》记载赫德死时的财产是140260英镑4先令6便士。See Frank H.H.King,“Hart,Sir Robert,first baronet(1835-1911),”Oxford Dictionary of National biography(Oxford:Oxford University Press,2004),http://0-www.oxforddnb.com.library.nysoclib.org/view/article/33739.

她更像一阵旋风:引自赫德写给詹姆斯的信。Robert Hart to James Duncan Campbell,Letter 1320,March 6,1904,John King Fairbank,Katherine Frost Bruner,Elizabeth MacLeod Matheson,eds.,The I.G.in Peking:Letters of Robert Hart(Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1975),Vol.II,1401.

很快从欧洲快递订购了7米多的画布和一些油画颜料:参见赫德写给詹姆斯的信。Robert Hart to James Duncan Campbell,Letter 1292,September 6,1903,and Letter 1301,November 8,1903,Fairbank et al.,The I.G.in Peking,Vol.II,1370~1371,1379.

有关路易莎·裕庚的家族:参见《清宫假冒者:德龄公主》。212 OnLouisa Yu Keng’s family,see Grant Hayter-Menzies,Imperial Masquerade:The Princess Der Ling(Hong Kong:Hong Kong University Press,2008),197.

太后陛下身着一套正式冬季官服:参见《与慈禧太后为伴》。Katherine A.Carl,With the Empress Dowager(New York:Century Company,1905),216.

我自己使用铁钳子拉拽画布:同上,217~218页。

我不想让人们在那里想象”:参见《清宫两年记》。Princess Der Ling,Two Years in the Forbidden City(New York:Dodd,Mead,1931),211.

我曾经梦想:参见《与慈禧太后为伴》。Carl,With the Empress Dowager,55.

被认为不适合运送太后陛下的肖像:参见《与慈禧太后为伴》。Carl,With the Empress Dowager,294 et seq.Transport for the“Sacred Picture,”The Louisiana Purchase Exposition,292.

罗伯特·赫德:参见赫德通信等。Information from Robert Hart,Letter 1329,May 27,1904,Fairbank et at.,The I.G in Peking,1414,and Carl,With the Empress Dowager,55.

我和康格相互欣赏,一见如故:参见《柔克义:西藏高原的学者、外交家》。Kenneth Wimmel,William Woodville Rockhill:Scholar-Diplomat of the Tibetan Highlands(Bangkok:Orchid Press,2003),109.

从大沽到北京:引自柔克义写给洛奇的信。William Rockhill to Nannie Lodge,December 3,1900,quoted in Howard K.Beale,Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of America to World Power,187.

把文明之福传给我们坐在黑暗之中的兄弟:引自马克·吐温《致坐在黑暗之中的人们》,1901年2月《北美评论》。Mark Twain,“To the Person Sitting in Darkness,”North American Review,Vol.172:531(February 1901),accessible online at https://www.msu.edu/~mageemail/iah 201/darkness.pdf,116.

两千名官员、亲王、总督、道台:参见《朝廷回到北京》,1902年1月8日《纽约时报》。no byline,“The Court Back in Peking,”NYT,January 8,1902.

太后被自己的感情所征服:参见《来自中国的通信》。Sarah PikeConger,Letters from China:With Particular Reference to the Empress Dowager and the Women of China(Chicago:A.C.McClurg&Co.,1909),219~220.

称康格夫人是“一根筋”:参见《慈禧太后统治下的中国》。in J.O.P.Bland and E.Backhouse,China Under the Empress Dowager(London:William Heinemann,1911),290 fn.

康格夫人念的稿子前言不搭后语:引自布兰德写给莫里森的信。Bland to Morrison,February 12,1902,in Lo Hui-Min ed.,Correspondence of G.E.Morrison,Vol.1(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1976-78),178~179.

是清廷返回紫禁城后发生的最具革命性的事件:参见1902年2月3日伦敦《泰晤士报》。The Times(London),February 3,1902,quoted in Lo HuiMin,Correspondence of G.E.Morrison,178.

与那位狠毒凶悍的老妇人慈禧太后相当亲密:引自莫里森写给瓦伦丁的信。George Morrison to Valentine Chirol,September 7,1903,in Lo Hui-Min,Correspondence of G.E.Morrison,230.

几个月以来:参见《来自中国的通信》。Sarah Pike Conger to Laura Conger,in Conger,Letters from China,247.

在中国,我是一名探索者:参见《清宫假冒者》。Hayter-Menzies,Imperial Masquerade,193.

外国公使要求,不允许再向清宫女士送礼:参见《来自中国的通信》。Conger,Letters from China,224.

那里的漂亮花卉:参见《皇帝万寿无疆的中国》。Eliza Scidmore,China:The Long-Lived Empire(New York:Century,1900),146.

正式欧洲居民所住的区域:同上,144页。

驻外任满一届后肯定会获得升职和嘉奖:同上,145页。

很可能需要自己支付装修费用:参见《康格公使的有趣生活》,1900年7月17日《旧金山号召报》。“Interesting Life History of Minister Conger,”San Francisco Call,July 17,1900,quoted in Hayter-Menzies,Imperial Masquerade,283.

我追求的不是数量:参见《来自中国的通信》。Conger,Letters fromChina,260.

最近,我得到了一些顶级藏品:引自康格夫人写给女儿的信。Sarah Conger to her daughter Laura,July 20,1903,ibid.,258.

从一块精致地毯中赚了大钱:参见1908年2月22日《纽约时报》。NYT,February 22,1908.

由美国驻华公使携带入境、属于八国联军从北京盗窃、印有美国烙印的“赃物买卖”获准进行:见1908年2月25日《晚间世界报》,引自《清宫假冒者》。Evening World,February 25,1908,quoted in Hayter-Menzies,Imperial Masquerade,267.

我们允许美国外交公使或外国公使、大使免税带入任何货物:同上。

你们美国人会做何感想:美国国会记录,引自《清宫假冒者》。Congressional Record,April 18,1908,60th Congress/First Session,4930~4931,quoted in Hayter-Menzies,Imperial Masquerade,268.

我有许多中国刺绣,都是老货:见康格夫人写给弗利尔的信,引自《清宫假冒者》。Sarah Conger to Charles L.Freer,July 28,1919,Freer/Sackler Archives,transcribed by Hayter-Menzies,Imperial Masquerade.

威廉·柔克义的捐赠:参见以下网址。On William Rockhill’s donations,see AlliciaCampi and Denys Voaden,“William Woodville Rockhill’s Mongolian Travel Literature of the 1890 s:The Image of Mongolia in European and Asian Travel Literature”,Ulaanbaatar,Mongolia,July 7~9,2005,www.mtac.gov.tw/mtacbook/upload/09607/0701/03.pdf.

我们对柔克义真是怕得要命:参见哥伦比亚大学口述历史,引自《阴影下的竞赛》。Nelson Johnson,Oral History,Columbia University,quoted in Meyer and Brysac,Tournament of Shadows,400.

一些人从纽约到布鲁克林,也能经历探险过程:见1900年1月27日《星期六晚邮报》,引自《柔克义》。Saturday Evening Post,January 27,1900,quoted in Wimmel,William Woodville Rockhill,xv.

我的行头很简单:参见柔克义《喇嘛之境》。William Rockhill,Land of Lamas:Notes of a Journey through China,Mongolia and Tibet(New York:Century,1891),288,quoted in Meyer and Brysac,Tournament of Shadows,406.

身穿羊皮大衣:参见《喇嘛之境》。Rockhill,Land of the Lamas,56.

溜溜达达穿过那里的街道:参见《阴影下的竞赛》。Meyer and Brysac,Tournament of Shadows,408.

如何钱包空空(就我而言,还是饥肠辘辘)在陌生国度上路旅行:参见柔克义《蒙古和西藏的考察》,史密森尼学会1892年年度报告。William Rockhill,“Explorations in Mongolia and Tibet,”Annual Report,Board of Regents,Smithsonian Institution(1892),659.

我咽下的食物中有尘土:参见《阴影下的竞赛》。Meyer and Brysac,Tournament of Shadows,410.

我离日喀则有10天路程:同上,410~411页。

我被你的奇闻异事深深吸引:同上,398页。

我感觉心里的石头落了地:引自罗斯福写给柔克义的信。Theodore Roosevelt to William Rockhill,July 21,1900,Rockhill Papers,MS Division,LOC.

他虽然很高:参见《柔克义》。Wimmel,William Woodville Rockhill,152.

我曾想象:参见柔克义写给罗斯福的信。Rockhill to Roosevelt,June 30,1908,Theodore Roosevelt Papers,MS Division,LOC.

十三世达赖是个急性子:参见柔克义《拉萨的达赖喇嘛》,引自《阴影下的竞赛》。William Rockhill,The Dalai Lamas of Lhasa,90~92,quoted in Meyer and Brysac,Tournament of Shadows,418.

是我们这一代所有人中最有意思、最特别的经历”:引自罗斯福写给柔克义的信。Roosevelt to Rockhill,August1,1908,Rockhill Papers,LOC,quoted in Meyer and Brysac,Tournament of Shadows.

达赖喇嘛向柔克义赠送了三件礼物:参见《五台山赠礼:柔克义与十三世达赖》,2011年12月《国际藏学研究协会杂志》。Susan Meinheit,“Gifts at Wutai Shan:Rockhill and the Thirteenth Dalai Lama,”Journal of the International Association of Tibetan Studies,No.6(December 2011),http://www.thlib.org/collections/texts/jiats/?_escaped_ fragment=_jiats=/06/meinheit/.

养养鸡,种种花:引自柔克义写给布兰德的信。Rockhill to J.O.Bland,March 29,1913,quoted in Wimmel,William Woodville Rockhill,xv.

柔克义先生为人极其低调:参见1915年5月《通报》。Berthold Laufer,T’oungPao,Second Series 16,No.2(May 1915),290.

罗伯特·赫德爵士最后一次离别:参见《与龙共舞》。Boyd,A Dance with the Dragon,52.

慈禧太后去世:关于老佛爷的后事,参见《龙夫人》。Seagrave,Dragon Lady,462.

<h3>第十四章 天国衣裳</h3>

对那个国家一无所知:参见《色彩、生活和时机》等。Elinor Pearlstein,“Color,Life,and Moment,”in John E.Vollmer,ed.,Clothed to Rule the Universe:Ming and Qing Dynasty Textiles at the Art Institute of Chicago,Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies,Vol.26:2(Chicago:Art Institute of Chicago,2000),note 10,107.“A perpetual merry-go-round of parties,”quoted in Boyd,A Dance with the Dragon,65.

聚会上永不停止的旋转木马:参见《与龙共舞》。Boyd,A Dance with the Dragon,65.

满族妇女陪同丈夫参加外国人举办的晚宴:参见《诗人的生活:改变世界的70年》。Harriet Monroe,A Poet’s Life:Seventy Years in a Changing World(New York:Macmillan,1938),233.

一杯雪莉酒、一支香烟、一份法文报纸:参见《与龙共舞》。Boyd,A Dance with the Dragon,73.

当然,我不值得引起如此关注:见弗利尔致赫克的信。Freer to Hecker,October 13,1910,quoted in Lawton and Merrill,Freer,87.

大家追逐的金主:参见《一位诗人的一生》。Monroe,A Poet’s Life,234.

端方心里有个计划:同上,235页。

吸引了来自中国各省的竞拍者:参见《北京纪胜》。Juliet Bredon,Peking:A Historical and Intimate Description of its Chief Places of Interest(Shanghai:Kelly&Walsh Ltd.,1931),455.

当你看完了所有宫殿:同上,443~444页。

北京最大、最整洁的古董店:同上,444~445页。

拥有全世界最伟大的古董店:参见《北京的街道》,1922年11月26日《纽约时报》。Lucy Calhoun,“Streets ofPeking,”NYT,November 26,1922.

千万别忘了:参见《北京纪胜》。Bredon,Peking,450~451.

真是太可恶了:参见《一位驻扎中国的美国外交官》。Paul Reinsch,An American Diplomat in China(Garden City,NY:Doubleday,1922),30.

满族亲王们在出售珍宝:参见露西写个哈利特的信。Lucy Calhoun to Harriet Monroe,Gebruary 26,1912,Harriet Monroe Personal Papers(note 15),Folder 3,Newberry Library,quoted in Pearlstein,“Color,Life and Moment,”note 22,109.

我一点儿都不惊奇:参见露西写给查尔斯夫人的信。Lucy Calhoun to Mrs.Charles H.Hutchinson,February 13,1913,Art Institute of Chicago Archives,quoted in Pearlstein,“Color,Life and Moment,”6.

有一个奇怪现象:参见《一位驻扎中国的美国外交官》。Reinsch,An American Diplomat in China,161.

“露西阿姨”主办了一个聚会:参见凯茨写给弗朗西斯的信。George Kates to Frances Francis,September 5,1933,Henry Sayles Francis Papers.

北京协和医学院由英美两国的传教士创建:关于北京协和医学院的详情,见《约翰·格兰特回忆录:口述史》。“Reminiscences of John Black Grant:Oral History,”Columbia Center for Oral History(1961),

它们“像雪崩一样”流入美国:参见《紫禁城服饰展》。Alan Priest,Costumes from the forbidden City,1945,MMA,http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p 15324 coll 10/id/1170.

夏洛特的纺织品收藏:参见《天国衣裳:中国末代王朝的丝绸传奇》。Alice Zrebiec and Micah Messenheimer,Threads of Heaven:SilkenLegacy of China’s Last Dynasty(Companion to Qing Dynasty Textiles at the Denver Museum),12;and Vollmer,Clothed to Rule the Universe,(Chicago:Art Institute of Chicago in association with University of Washington Press,2000),34.

作为商业代理经手了不少灰色交易:参见《莫里森通信》。in Lo HuiMin,Correspondence of G.E.Morrison,Vol.I,524,notes 3,4.

非常摩登,非常别致,衣着非常欧式:参见《北京灰尘》。Ellen N.La Motte,Peking Dust(New York:Century,1919),74.

在我内心,我是一个在外国接受教育的外国人:参见《紫禁城两年记》。Princess Der Ling,Two Years in the Forbidden City(New York:Dodd,Mead,1931),382.

中国皇族最后一位在世成员:参见《清宫假冒者》。Hayter-Menzies,Imperial Masquerade,327.

就像一位派往华盛顿的外交官:参见《与龙共舞》。Boyd,A Dance with the Dragon,152.

被废黜的皇后:同上。

北京是外国人的天堂:参见《我在中国的回忆录》。Helen Foster Snow,My China Years:A Memoir(New York:Morrow,1984),94.

紫禁城不再禁止人们入内:参见《一位诗人的一生》。Monroe,A Poet’s Life,445.

在北京,我们每个人都收藏:参见《牡丹与马驹》。Acton,Peonies and Ponies,45.

有关普艾伦在北京生活的情况:参见《普艾伦》一书。from Joseph M.Upton and Edward C.Wells,Alan Reed Priest(privately printed,1970),20.

有关参观北京戒台寺的情况:同上,21~22页。

都聚集在宏伟陵墓周围寻找文物:参见《一位审美家的回忆录》。Acton,Memoirs of an Aesthete,278~279.

沉溺于中不中、洋不洋的舞蹈:引自普艾伦写给萨克斯的信。Alan Priest to Paul Sachs,February 26,1927,Paul J.Sachs Files,HAMA.

一天深夜,有人来敲史克曼家的门:参见1978年夏季刊《东方艺术》杂志。information from interview with Mackenzie and Stephen Addiss inOriental Art,Vol.30:2(Summer 1978),229.

踏破铁鞋无觅处,得来全不费工夫:参见《史克曼及其中国收藏的构建》。Churchman,“Laurence Sickman and the Formation of the Chinese Collection”.

文物偷运出宫:有关皇宫收藏迁移、文物偷运出宫的情况,参见《两个故宫博物院:有关其形成和历史的非正式报告》等。James Cahill,“Two Palace Museums:An Informal Account of their Formation and History,”Kaikodo Journal XIX(2001),http://jamescahill.info/the-writingsof-james-cahill/cahill-lectures-and-papers/236-clp-41-2001-qtwo-palacemuseums-an-informal-account-of-their-formation-and-historyq-kaikodo-journalxix-2001;Willow Hai Chang,The Last Emperor’s Collection:Masterpieces of Painting and Calligraphy from the Liaoning Provincial Museum(New York:China Institute Gallery,2008),2~3;Jeannette Shambaugh Elliot with David Shambaugh,The Odyssey of China’s Imperial Art Treasures(Seattle:University of Washington Press,2005),56 e seq.On Sickman’s acquisitions from Puyi,information provided by Marc Wilson in 2014 interview.

有关露西·卡尔霍恩的收藏:参见《色彩、生活和时机》。Pearlstein,“Color,Life and Moment.”83 et seq.

中国成了每个人都感兴趣的话题:引自王伊悠《来自中国的卢浮宫》。Carl Whiting Bishop,quoted in Daisy Wang,The Loouvre from China,39.

<h3>第十五章 鉴赏家</h3>

小骨架,欧洲学者派头:参见1976年10月6日《贝特霍尔德·劳费尔》等。Henry Field,“Berthold Laufer,”October 6,1976,in Berthold Laufer,Kleinere Schriften Publikationen aus der Zeit von 1911 bis 1925,ed.by Hartmut Walravens(Wiesbaden:Steiner,1976),2.

正在变成木乃伊:参见《贝特霍尔德·劳费尔》等。Bennet Bronson,“Berthold Laufer”,Fieldiana Anthropology,New Series,No.36,Curators,Collections and Contexts:Anthropology at the Field Museum,1893-2002(September 30,2003),121.Biographical information in Bronson,“Berthold Laufer”,118.

犀牛化石仍在蠕动的地方:同上,125页。

我将为美国的民族志和考古学打下一个全新、坚实的基础:参见《人类学家眼中的中国》。Laurel Kendall,“China to the Anthropologist:Franz Boas,Berthold Laufer,and a Road Not Taken in Early American Anthropology,”in Regna Darnell and Frederic W.Gleach,eds.,Anthropologists and Their Traditions across National Borders(Lincoln and London:University of Nebraska Press,2014),1.

是迈向理性行政的旗手:参见马克斯·韦伯:《社会学论文集》。Max Weber,Essays in Sociology,Hans Gerth,ed.(Oxford:Oxford University Press,1946),416.

Biographical information from K.S.Latourette,“Biographical Memoir of Berthold Laufer 1874-1934”,National Academy of Sciences(1937),43~44.

表现中国风俗习惯、信仰、工业和生活方式的藏品:引自博厄斯写给杰瑟普的信。Franz Boas to Morris Jesup,December 27,1902,MSS E 973,Library Special Collections Archives,AMNH,quoted in Kendall,“China to the Anthropologist,”11.

Information on Schiff expedition,John Haddad,“To Inculcate Respect for the Chinese,”Anthropos,Vol.101:1(2006),129.

他并没有开展田野调查工作:参见《发掘中国历史》。Jan Fontein and Tung Wu,Unearthing China’s Past(Boston:Museum of Fine Arts,1973),16.

有责任拯救濒于毁灭的文化:参见1912年第12期《美国博物馆期刊》。Berthold Laufer,“Modern Chinese Collections in Historical Light,with Especial Reference to the American Museum’s Collection Representative of Chinese Culture a Decade Ago,”American Museum Journal,Vol.12(1912),137.

在中国,没有我未踩过的道儿:参见劳费尔写给博厄斯的信,引自《中国的传奇》。Berthold Laufer to Franz Boas,November 9,1901,AMNH,Anthropology Archives,quoted in Haddad,The Romance of China,132.

总数惊人,包括了7500件文物:参见《人类学家眼中的中国》等。Kendall,“China to the Anthropologist,”9,10;Haddad,The Romance of China,134.(Their totals differ:Kendall says 7,500,Haddad more than 10,000.

做中国人更好、更健康:参见《贝特霍尔德·劳费尔》。Bronson,“Berthold Laufer”,118.

中国文化与我们的文化同样优秀,中国的许多东西甚至更好:引自劳费尔写给博厄斯的信。Laufer to Boas,June 3,1903,AMNH,Anthropology Archives.

希望自己是中国人:参见《贝特霍尔德·劳费尔》。Bronson,“Berthold Laufer”,124.

在中国搞收藏,别以为只是购物:参见劳费尔写给博厄斯的信,引自《最孤独的远征者:贝特霍尔德·劳费尔收藏中国》。Laufer to Boas,February 28,1902,quoted in Laurel Kendall,“A Most Solitary Expeditionist:Berthold Laufer Collecting China,”(to be published in 2015 as part of the Bard College Anthropology of Expeditions).

中国的浪漫也随之消亡:参见《现代中国收藏的历史观》。Laufer,“Modern Chinese Collections in Historical Light,”37~138.

被“公然忽视”:参见劳费尔写给博厄斯的信,引自《中国的传奇》。Laufer to Boas,April 27,1911,Boas-Laufer Correspondence,Ms.Division,American Philosophical Society,quoted in Haddad,The Romance of China,142.The results of Laufer’s collecting may be seen digitally on the AMNH website:http://anthro.amnh.org/asia.For information on the Field collection,see Bronson,“Berthold Laufer”,120.

他卖给了查尔斯·弗利尔两幅绘画:参见《贝特霍尔德·劳费尔》。Bronson,“Berthold Laufer,”122.For information on the catalogue of archaic jades,see Elinor Pearlstein,“Early Chicago Chronicles of Early Chinese Art,”fn.12,35,in Jason Steuber and Guolong Lai,eds.,Collectors,Collections and Collecting the Arts of China.

难道你当真相信我会玷污双手:引自劳费尔写给博厄斯的信。Laufer to Boas,Peking,February 1,1902,Boas papers,American Philosophical Archives,quoted in Walravens,ed.,Kleinere Schriften,Vol.3,pp.5,58.

我也见过另一个宝座,但它已是破烂不堪:参见《堪萨斯城时报》。Kanas City Times,November 9,1931.

在你家里,我吃惊地发现有如此多的好东西:引自劳费尔写给帕格斯利的信。Laufer to Frederic N.Pugsley,November 9,1931,enclosed in the letter from H.V.Jones to Langdon Warner,November 12,1931,Box 12,HUA.

一位董事给华尔纳写信:引自琼斯写给华尔纳的信。H.V.Jones to Langdon Warner,November 12,1931,Box 12,HUA.Information on the disposition of the Pugsley collection provided by Holly Wright,NAMA.

去年,我的藏品得到了极大丰富:参见《洛杉矶郡立博物馆引火烧身》一文。William Poundstone,“Los Angeles County Museum on Fire,”Blou in Art Info blog,April 15,2010,http://www.blouinartinfo.com/blog/los-angelescounty-museum-on-fire/jwn-munthe-international-man-of-mystery.

据学者德里克·吉尔曼报道:参见《蒙特将军的中国佛造像收藏》。Gillman,“General Munthe’s Chinese Buddhist Sculpture:An Embarrassment of Riches”in Tadeusz Skorupski,ed.,Buddhist Forum IV,Seminar Papers 1994-1996,98,http://www.shin-ibs.edu/academics/_forum/v 4.php.

首次察看那批东西的照片目录:参见《洛杉矶郡立博物馆之前的洛杉矶》,2000年第6期《美成在久》杂志。Karen Lansky and J.Keith Wilson,“Los Angeles before LACMA:Chinese Art at the Old County Museum,”Orientations,Vol.31:6(June 2000),48.

毫不不夸张地说:参见《蒙特将军收藏鉴定报告》。Berthold Laufer,“Report on the General J.W.N.Munthe Collection,”in Walravens,Kleinere Schriften,Vol.3,Briefwechsel,283 et.seq.

对此事感兴趣的任何人:参见《洛杉矶郡立博物馆之前的洛杉矶》。Lansky and Wilson,“Los Angeles before LACMA,”48.