第四章 和平(一七一三~一七一五年)(2 / 2)

依据小托马斯事后提供给查尔斯顿官员的证词,当时他回答:“我父亲在家。”

“他是个惹是生非的老家伙,”霍尼戈咆哮道,“要是让我碰上了,老子会开枪杀掉他。”

儿子回答:“我父亲在家,如果有什么话要对他说,最好的办法就是当面告诉他。”

霍尼戈警告,要是沃克一家人不能只管好自己的事,他会烧掉他们的房子,杀掉老家伙,并把剩下的人鞭打到不省人事。霍尼戈现在有超过一百人听从他的命令,还有一艘武装完备的单桅帆船,没有人可以反抗他的权威。

时间一星期一星期地过去,沃克一家人面临越来越紧张的情势。十二月时,霍尼戈及至少其他两艘单桅海盗船的船长,在佛罗里达沿岸出没,阻挠古巴与失事宝船之间的西班牙航运。霍尼戈月底回来时,让沃克心惊胆战,这次他甚至带回一艘更大型的西班牙单桅帆船,并依自己的名字重新命名为“本杰明”号(Benjamin),“玛丽”号的武器和物资都移到这艘船上。目击者后来形容“本杰明”号是一艘“大型单桅帆船”或单桅战舰,足以承载两百人与各式武器。有了这样一艘战舰,霍尼戈再也不需要“玛丽”号了。他把那艘英格兰单桅帆船送回牙买加,船上载着不愿加入飞帮的船员。

一月一日当天,或是在那天前后,沃克一家瞠目结舌地看着詹宁斯的私掠船队驶进港口,货舱塞满抢来的西班牙银币。[71]老托马斯·沃克望着拿骚港阵容越发壮大的战舰,首次明白新时代已经开始了。

<hr/>

[1] Rediker (1987),pp. 281-282.

[2] Lord Archibald Hamilton,<i>An Answer to An Anonymous Libel</i>,London:1718,p. 44.

[3] CO137/12:Colonial Office Records:Jamaica Correspondence,1716-1718,National Archives,Kew,UK.,folio 90(iii):A List of Some of the Many Ships,Sloops,and other Vessels taken from the Subjects of the King of Great Britain in America by the Subjects of the King of Spain since the Conclusion of the last peace,Jamaica:c. 1716.

[4] Lord Archibald Hamilton,<i>An Answer to An Anonymous Libel</i>,London:1718,p. 44.

[5] A. B.,<i>The State of the Island of Jamaica</i>,London:H.Whitridge,1726,p. 8.

[6] A. B.,<i>The State of the Island of Jamaica</i>,London:H.Whitridge,1726,p. 8n.

[7] John Oldmixon,<i>The British Empire in America</i>,London:J. Brotherten,1741,p. 432;Michael Craton,<i>A History of the Bahamas</i>,London:Collins,1962,pp. 93-94;CO5/1265:Colonial Office Records:Documents relating to Woodes Rogers’s appointment,National Archives,Kew,UK.,No. 76v:Memorial of Sundry Merchants to Joseph Addison,London:1717;CO23/1:Colonial Office Records:Bahamas Correspondence,1717-1725,National Archives,Kew,UK.,No. 17:Testimonial of Samuel Buck,London:2 December 1719.

[8] 这里推想自一七○六年约翰·葛雷福提供的小岛状况证词,引自Michael Craton,<i>A History of the Bahamas</i>,London:Collins,1962,第93~95页。当时的情况大概与一七一三年类似。岛上在一七○六年后可能的进展,被随后的法国攻击摧毁。这个假设的进一步证明是,岛上一直到一七一八年,依旧状况不佳,见Samuel Buck in CO23/1:Colonial Office Records:Bahamas Correspondence,1717-1725,National Archives,Kew,UK.,No. 17及随后章节。

[9] “Boston News Item,” <i>Boston News-Letter</i>,29April 1714,p. 2;Henry Pulleine to the Council of Trade and Plantations,Bermuda:22 April 1714 in <i>CSPCS 1712-1714</i>,No. 651,pp. 333-334.

[10] Carl Bridenbaugh,<i>Cities in the Wilderness:The First Century of Urban Life in America 1625-1742</i>,New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1955,pp. 171-172,151,178-179;Justin Winsor (ed.),<i>Memorial History of Boston</i>,1630-1880,Boston:Ticknor &amp; Co.,1880,pp. 440-441,496.

[11] Justin Winsor (ed.),<i>Memorial History of Boston</i>,1630-1880,Boston:Ticknor &amp; Co.,1880,p. 442n.

[12] Michael G. Hall,<i>The Last American Puritan</i>,Middletown,CT:Wesleyan University Press,1988,p. 338.

[13] 这栋市镇屋(一七一三年建成)今日依旧屹立不摇,周围是摩天大楼,人们熟悉的名字是老州议会大厦(Old State House)。国王街今日的名字是州议会街(State Street)。长码头曾经穿越的海埔地,已被填平为波士顿滨水区。

[14] Justin Winsor (ed.),<i>Memorial History of Boston</i>,1630-1880,Boston:Ticknor &amp; Co.,1880,pp. 388-390,442-443;Carl Bridenbaugh,<i>Cities in the Wilderness:The First Century of Urban Life in America 1625-1742</i>,New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1955,p. 180.

[15] 波士顿著名的法尼尔厅(Faneuil Hall)就是以安德鲁·法尼尔的名字命名的。

[16] Carl Bridenbaugh,<i>Cities in the Wilderness:The First Century of Urban Life in America 1625-1742</i>,New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1955,p. 185.

[17] Justin Winsor (ed.),<i>Memorial History of Boston</i>,1630-1880,Boston:Ticknor &amp; Co.,1880,p. 499.

[18] Henry David Thoreau,<i>Cape Cod</i>,New York:W.W.Norton,1951,pp. 45-60.

[19] Jeremiah Digges,<i>Cape Cod Pilot</i>,Provincetown,MA:Modern Pilgrim Press,1936,pp. 134-137.

[20] 另一种诠释见Edwin Dethlefson,<i>Whidah:Cape</i> <i>Cod’s</i> <i>Mystery Treasure Ship</i>,Woodstock,VT:Seafarer’s Heritage Library,1984,pp. 14-22.不过,后来又有新证据。更为想象式的叙述,见Barry Clifford,<i>The Pirate Prince</i>,New York:Simon &amp; Schuster,1993,pp. 21-22.

[21] A. Otis,<i>Genealogical Notes of Barnstable Families</i>,Barnstable,MA:F. B &amp; F. P Goss,1888;Robert Charles Anderson,<i>The Great Migration</i>,Vol. 3,Boston:New England Historic Genealogical Society,2003;Author’s Interview,Kenneth J.Kinkor,Provincetown,MA:15 June 2005.

[22] Kenneth J. Kinkor,“The Whydah Sourcebook,” unpublished document,Provincetown:Whydah Museum,Provincetown,MA:2003,p. 312;Fact Sheet,Great Island,Cape Cod National Seashore,National Park Service:online resource at www.nps.gov/caco/places/index.thml,viewed 13 May 2006.

[23] “Last Will &amp; Testament of Mary Hallett,” Yarmouth,MA:April 19,1734 from <i>Barnstable County Public Records</i>,Vol. 8,as appears in Kenneth J. Kinkor,“The Whydah Sourcebook,” unpublished document,Provincetown:Whydah Museum,Provincetown,MA:2003,pp. 295-296.

[24] George Andrews Moriatry,“John Williams of Newport,Merchant,and His Family,” <i>The Genealogical Magazine</i>,Nos. 1-3 (1915),pp. 4-12;<i>Genealogies of Rhode Island Families,Volume II:Smith¡ªYates</i>,Baltimore:Clearfield,2000,pp. 401-406.

[25] Malcolm Sands Wilson,<i>Descendants of James Sands of Block Island</i>,Privately printed:p. 194;George R. Burgess &amp; Jane Fletcher Fiske,“New Shoreham Town Book No. 1,” manuscript transcription,1924,p. 17.

[26] Author Interview,Kenneth J. Kinkor,15 June 2005;Zacks,pp. 232-233,240-241;Barry Clifford,<i>The Lost Fleet</i>,New York:Harper- Collins,2002,pp. 108-118,262-264.

[27] John Franklin Jameson,<i>Privateering and Piracy in the Colonial Period:Illustrative Documents</i>,New York:Macmillan Co.,1923,pp. 141-142.

[28] CO5/1265:Colonial Office Records:Documents relating to Woodes Rogers’s appointment,National Archives,Kew,UK.,No. 17i:A List of the men’s names that sailed from Iletheria and Committed Piracies Upon the Spaniards on the Coast of Cuba since the Proclamation of Peace,Nassau:14 March 1715;CO5/1265:Colonial Office Records:Documents relating to Woodes Rogers’s appointment,National Archives,Kew,UK.,No. 17iv:John Chace’s Receipt for Carrying Daniel Stilwell,Nassau:2 January 1715,p. 32. Note that these accounts are more accurate than the year-old recollections of John Vickers,which muddle some of the dates and details:Deposition of John Vickers,Williamsburg,VA:1716 in

<i>CSPCS 1716-1717</i>:Cecil Headlam,ed.,<i>Calendar of State Papers</i>,<i>Colonial Series</i>:<i>America and the West Indies</i>,<i>January</i> 1716 <i>to July</i> 1717(Vol.29),London:His Majesty’s Stationary Office,1930.,No. 240i,pp. 140-141.

[29] CO5/1265:Colonial Office Records:Documents relating to Woodes Rogers’s appointment,National Archives,Kew,UK.,No. 17i:Thomas Walker to the Council of Trade and Plantations,Nassau:14 March 1715;Michael Craton,<i>A History of the Bahamas</i>,London:Collins,1962,p. 91.

[30] 小莎拉·沃克(1700~1731)最后嫁给威廉·费尔法克斯(William Fairfax),弗吉尼亚州的费尔法克斯郡就是以后者的名字命名。她的女儿安妮(Anne)嫁给了华盛顿的哥哥劳伦斯(Lawrence Washington),此人建立了弗农山庄;后来,未来的美国总统从安妮手中租下了山庄,并在她死后继承了山庄。安妮的哥哥乔治·费尔法克斯(George Fairfax)显然遗传了部分非洲五官,孩童时期造访英格兰时遭受羞辱,他父亲那边的亲戚猜测他在青春期时皮肤是否会转黑。

[31] CO5/1265:Colonial Office Records:Documents relating to Woodes Rogers’s appointment,National Archives,Kew,UK.,No. 17i:Thomas Walker to Colonel Nicholson,New Providence:14 March 1715;CO5/1265:Colonial Office Records:Documents relating to Woodes Rogers’s appointment,National Archives,Kew,UK.,No. 17:Thomas Walker to the Proprietors of the Bahamas,New Providence:14 March 1715;Bruce T McCully,“Nicholson,Francis,” in <i>Dictionary of Canadian Biography</i>,CD-ROM,Toronto:University of Toronto,2000.

[32] Pulleine to the Council of Trade,22 April 1714,p. 334.

[33] Johnathan Chace’s Receipt,CO5/1265:Colonial Office Records:Documents relating to Woodes Rogers’s appointment,National Archives,Kew,UK.,No. 17i:Thomas Walker to Archibald Hamilton,21 January 1715.

[34] CO5/1265:Colonial Office Records:Documents relating to Woodes Rogers’s appointment,National Archives,Kew,UK.,No. 17v:George Hearne to Thomas Walker,Harbour Island,Bahamas:20 January 1715.

[35] CO5/1265:Colonial Office Records:Documents relating to Woodes Rogers’s appointment,National Archives,Kew,UK.,No. 17iii:Marquis de Cassa Torres to Thomas Walker,Havana:15 February 1715.

[36] Deposition of John Vickers,Williamsburg,VA:1716 in <i>CSPCS 1716-1717</i>:Cecil Headlam,ed.,<i>Calendar of State Papers</i>,<i>Colonial Series</i>:<i>America and the West Indies</i>,<i>January</i> 1716 <i>to July</i> 1717(Vol.29),London:His Majesty’s Stationary Office,1930.,No. 240i,p. 141.

[37] Sir James Balfour Paul,<i>The Scots Perage</i>,Vol. IV,Edinburgh:David Douglas (1907),pp. 380-385;Kenneth J. Kinkor,“The Whydah Sourcebook,” unpublished document,Provincetown:Whydah Museum,Provincetown,MA:2003,pp. 342-343.

[38] Samuel Page to Sir Gilbert Heathcote,London:8 May 1716 in <i>CSPCS 1716-1717</i>:Cecil Headlam,ed.,<i>Calendar of State Papers</i>,<i>Colonial Series</i>:<i>America and the West Indies</i>,<i>January</i> 1716 <i>to July</i> 1717(Vol.29),London:His Majesty’s Stationary Office,1930.,No. 158viii,pp. 82-83;“Representation of the Assembly of Jamaica to the King,” Jamaica:Early 1716 in <i>CSPCS 1716-1717</i>:Cecil Headlam,ed.,<i>Calendar of State Papers</i>,<i>Colonial Series</i>:<i>America and the West Indies</i>,<i>January</i> 1716 <i>to July</i> 1717(Vol.29),London:His Majesty’s Stationary Office,1930.,No. 158xi(a),pp. 83-87;An account of the mal-administration in Jamaica during the Government of Lord Hamilton,Jamaica:early 1716,<i>CSPCS 1716-1717</i>:Cecil Headlam,ed.,<i>Calendar of State Papers</i>,<i>Colonial Series</i>:<i>America and the West Indies</i>,<i>January</i> 1716 <i>to July</i> 1717(Vol.29),London:His Majesty’s Stationary Office,1930.,No. 158xii,pp. 88-90.

[39] Lord Archibald Hamilton,<i>An Answer to An Anonymous Libel</i>,London:1718,pp. 44-48.

[40] CO137/12:Colonial Office Records:Jamaica Correspondence,1716-1718,National Archives,Kew,UK.,folio 16ii:A list of vessels commissioner by Governor Lord A.Hamilton,c. May 1716.

[41] Lord Archibald Hamilton,<i>An Answer to An Anonymous Libel</i>,London:1718,p. 59.

[42] 为了前后统一,本书所有日期都以英国当时使用的儒略历表示。其实,西班牙及法国当时已使用现代的格里高利历。在这个时期,格里高利历的日期会比儒略历早十一天,也就是说,在西班牙的文献记录中,这支一七一五年的宝船舰队,是在七月二十四日出发的。

[43] Kip Wagner,<i>Pieces of Eight:Recovering the Riches of a Lost Spanish Treasure Fleet</i>,New York:E. P.Dutton &amp; Co.,1966,pp. 55-73;up-to-date information on the names,fate,and identity of particular ships can be found on www.1715fleet.com. The storm is described in Don Miguel de Lima y Melo to Duque de Linares,Havana:19 October 1715 (Gregorian),in SAT,pp. 32-34.

[44] Timothy R. Walton,<i>The Spanish Treasure Fleets</i>,Sarasota,FL:Pineapple Press,1994,p. 160. Documentary research by Jack Haskins and other sailors suggests 6,486,066 pesos,in SAT,p. 94.

[45] Marion Clayton Link,<i>The Spanish Camp Site and the 1715 Plate Wreck Fleet</i>,2nd corrected draft,unpublished manuscript,c. 1970,p. 2.

[46] “葛林芬”号在九月二日抵达法国布雷斯特(Brest),当时,船上乘客并不知道即将降临在船队身上的厄运。

[47] 这个碉堡建于一六九五年,至今还在,完整无缺,是美国本土最古老的石头碉堡。

[48] Marion Clayton Link,<i>The Spanish Camp Site and the 1715 Plate Wreck Fleet</i>,2nd corrected draft,unpublished manuscript,c. 1970,pp. 4-6;Kip Wagner,<i>Pieces of Eight:Recovering the Riches of a Lost Spanish Treasure Fleet</i>,New York:E. P.Dutton &amp; Co.,1966,pp. 60-73.

[49] 一七一五年夏天的原始报道已找不到,但后来偶尔提及相关船难事件的期数,清楚显示这件事曾被报道过。

[50] Lord Archibald Hamilton,<i>An Answer to An Anonymous Libel</i>,London:1718,p. 49.

[51] ADM1/1471-2649:Admiralty Records,Letters from Captains,National Archives,Kew,UK.,f24:P. Balcher (Captain) to the Admiralty,HMS <i>Diamond</i> at the Nore,England:13 May 1716.

[52] Deposition of Samuel Page,Jamaica:15 May 1716 in <i>CSPCS 1716-1717</i>:Cecil Headlam,ed.,<i>Calendar of State Papers</i>,<i>Colonial Series</i>:<i>America and the West Indies</i>,<i>January</i> 1716 <i>to July</i> 1717(Vol.29),London:His Majesty’s Stationary Office,1930.,No. 158v,pp. 80-81.

[53] Deposition of Walter Adlington,Jamaica:15 May 1716 in <i>CSPCS 1716-1717</i>:Cecil Headlam,ed.,<i>Calendar of State Papers</i>,<i>Colonial Series</i>:<i>America and the West Indies</i>,<i>January</i> 1716 <i>to July</i> 1717(Vol.29),London:His Majesty’s Stationary Office,1930.,No. 158vi,p. 81;Extract of a Letter from Don Juan Francisco de Valle to the Marquis de Montelon,Jamaica:18 March 1716 in <i>CSPCS 1716-1717</i>:Cecil Headlam,ed.,<i>Calendar of State Papers</i>,<i>Colonial Series</i>:<i>America and the West Indies</i>,<i>January</i> 1716 <i>to July</i> 1717(Vol.29),London:His Majesty’s Stationary Office,1930.,No. 158i,pp. 78-79.

[54] “Instructions for Captain Jonathan Barnet,” St. Jago de la Vega,Jamaica:24 November 1715,published as Appendix II in Lord Archibald Hamilton,<i>An Answer to An Anonymous Libel</i>,London:1718,pp. 72-73.

[55] 离开牙买加之前,私掠船主公开表示他们真正的意图是失事船。此外,以汉密尔顿过去与未来的表现来看,显然派过他们从事这样的任务。见ADM1/1471-2649:Admiralty Records,Letters from Captains,National Archives,Kew,UK. f24,Balcher letter。

[56] Testimony of Pedro de la Vega,Havana:13 January 1716,in SAT,pp. 112-115.

[57] 詹宁斯的随行船,有时被误认为由爱德华·詹姆士(Edward James)指挥,其实,他只是船主之一(见ADM1/1471,f24,Balcher letter)。由威利斯指挥的“老鹰”号,确认是詹宁斯的随行船。汉密尔顿委托的船只名单记录中,曾提及这艘船(见:CO137/12:Colonial Office Records:Jamaica Correspondence,1716-1718,National Archives,Kew,UK.,No. 16ii)。

[58] Marquis de Cassa Torres to Archibald Hamilton,Havana:3 January 1716,as translated in Kenneth J. Kinkor,“The Whydah Sourcebook,” unpublished document,Provincetown:Whydah Museum,Provincetown,MA:2003,pp. 19-20. The original is in CO137/12:Colonial Office Records:Jamaica Correspondence,1716-1718,National Archives,Kew,UK.,No. 9.

[59] 该地临近今天的迈阿密城,但在过去就是无人居住的湿地。这个时候,古巴与圣奥古斯丁之间没有西班牙殖民地。

[60] Testimony of Pedro de la Vega,pp. 112-115;Deposition of Joseph Lorrain,Jamaica:21 August 1716,Jamaica Council Minutes,ff. 110-111 in Kenneth J. Kinkor,“The Whydah Sourcebook,” unpublished document,Provincetown:Whydah Museum,Provincetown,MA:2003,p. 67.

[61] “雷格拉”号(Cabin Wreck)、“罗马”号(Corrigan’s)、“卡门”号(Carmen)(Rio Mar)、“尼维斯”号(Douglas Beach)的失事残骸,见Jim Sinclair et al.,<i>Florida East Coast Shipwreck Project 2001 Season Report</i>,Sebastian,FL:Mel Fisher Center,2002,pp. 61-69。“利马乌卡”号的残骸冲到“尼维斯”号北方两英里,通常称为“楔子残骸”(Wedge Wreck)。

[62] Marion Clayton Link,<i>The Spanish Camp Site and the 1715 Plate Wreck Fleet</i>,2nd corrected draft,unpublished manuscript,c. 1970,p. 5.

[63] Francisco Salmon to the king of Spain,Palmar de Ayz:20 September 1715,in SAT,pp. 6-7;Don Joseph Clemente Fernandez letter,Palmar de Ayz:10 September 1715,a “Vatican document” translated in SAT,pp. 112-113;Marquis de Cassa Torres to Viceroy Linares of Mexico,Havana:12 October 1715 (Gregorian) in SAT,pp. 31-32;Miguel de Lima y Melo to Duque de Linares,19 October 1715,pp. 33-35.

[64] Kris E. Lane,<i>Pillaging the Empire:Piracy in the Americas 1500-1700</i>,Armonk,NY:M. E. Sharpe,2001,pp. 161-163;Marion Clayton Link,<i>The Spanish Camp Site and the 1715 Plate Wreck Fleet</i>,2nd corrected draft,unpublished manuscript,c. 1970,p. 7;Kip Wagner,<i>Pieces of Eight:Recovering the Riches of a Lost Spanish Treasure Fleet</i>,New York:E. P.Dutton &amp; Co.,1966,pp. 63-65. 《海盗通史》证实“潜水引擎”或大钟的使用(<i>GHP</i>:Charles Johnson,<i>A General History of the Pyrates</i>,ed. Manuel Schonhorn,Columbia,SC:University of South Carolina Press,1972,p.35)。

[65] Kip Wagner,<i>Pieces of Eight:Recovering the Riches of a Lost Spanish Treasure Fleet</i>,New York:E. P.Dutton &amp; Co.,1966,p. 66,to whose estimate should be added that sent out in the <i>Maricaybo:</i>Declaration of Antonio Peralta,Havana:[1716?],translated in SAT,pp. 115-116. Further details in Letter of Captain Don Francisco de Soto Sanchez,Havana:29 October 1715 translated in SAT,pp. 102-103.

[66] <i>GHP</i>:Charles Johnson,<i>A General History of the Pyrates</i>,ed. Manuel Schonhorn,Columbia,SC:University of South Carolina Press,1972,p. 36.

[67] “Extract of a letter from Don Juan Francisco del Valle to the Marquis de Monteleon,” Jamaica:March 18,1716 in <i>CSPCS 1716-1717</i>:Cecil Headlam,ed.,<i>Calendar of State Papers</i>,<i>Colonial Series</i>:<i>America and the West Indies</i>,<i>January</i> 1716 <i>to July</i> 1717(Vol.29),London:His Majesty’s Stationary Office,1930.,item No. 158i,pp. 78-79;Testimony of Pedro de la Vega,pp. 113-114;Declaration of Antonio Peralta,pp. 115-116;Marion Clayton Link,<i>The Spanish Camp Site and the 1715 Plate Wreck Fleet</i>,2nd corrected draft,unpublished manuscript,c. 1970,p. 8;Deposition of Joseph Lorrain,pp. 67-68.

[68] <i>GHP</i>:Charles Johnson,<i>A General History of the Pyrates</i>,ed. Manuel Schonhorn,Columbia,SC:University of South Carolina Press,1972,p. 135.

[69] “New York Dispatch,” <i>Boston News-Letter</i>,28 May 1716,p. 2.

[70] Deposition of John Vickers,Williamsburg,VA:1716 in <i>CSPCS 1716-1717</i>:Cecil Headlam,ed.,<i>Calendar of State Papers</i>,<i>Colonial Series</i>:<i>America and the West Indies</i>,<i>January</i> 1716 <i>to July</i> 1717(Vol.29),London:His Majesty’s Stationary Office,1930.,No. 240i,pp. 140-141;CO5/1265:Colonial Office Records:Documents relating to Woodes Rogers’s appointment,National Archives,Kew,UK.,No. 52i:Deposition of Thomas Walker Jr.,Charlestown,SC:6 August 1716;CO5/1265:Colonial Office Records:Documents relating to Woodes Rogers’s appointment,National Archives,Kew,UK.,No. 52:Thomas Walker to the Council of Trade,Charlestown,SC:August 1716.

[71] Deposition of Joseph Lorrain,Jamaica:21 August 1716,Jamaica Council Minutes,ff. 110-111 in Kenneth J. Kinkor,“The Whydah Sourcebook,” unpublished document,Provincetown:Whydah Museum,Provincetown,MA:2003,pp. 67-68.