[10] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Mar. 1909,Robert Lansing,“Nationality and the Present Balkan Situation”;M 862,roll 940,Oct. 11,1914,“Interview with Prince Lazarevich-Hraselianovic.”

[11] Norman Stone,“Army and Society in the Habsburg Monarchy,1900-1914,” <i>Past and Present</i> 33,no. 1(1966):107.

[12] Georg von Alten,<i>Handbuch für Heer und Flotte</i>(Berlin:Deutsches Verlagshaus,1909-1914),6:639.

[13] Georg von Alten,<i>Handbuch für Heer und Flotte</i>(Berlin:Deutsches Verlagshaus,1909-1914),6:639-640.

[14] Michael Stephenson,<i>The Last Full Measure:How Soldiers Die in Battle</i>(New York:Crown,2012),234-235.

[15] Georg Markus,<i>Der Fall Redl</i>(Vienna:Amalthea Verlag,1984),43.

[16] Gunther E. Rothenberg,<i>The Army of Francis Joseph</i>(West Lafayette,IN:Purdue University Press,125-127);Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf,<i>Infanteristische Fragen und die Erscheinungen des Boerenkrieges</i>(Vienna:Seidel,1903),4.

[17] Kurt Peball,“Der Feldzug gegen Serbien und Montenegro im Jahre 1914,” Österreichische Militärische Zeitschrift Sonderheft I(1965):20;Samuel R. Williamson Jr.,<i>Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War</i>(New York:St. Martin’s,1991),63.

[18] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct. 4,1908,O’Shaughnessy to Root,and Mar. 1909,Robert Lansing,“Nationality and the Present Balkan Situation”;<i>Boston Herald</i>,Oct. 9,1908.

[19] Kriegsarchiv,Vienna(KA),B/1503:4,Sarajevo,Oct. 19,1914,Theodor Zurunic,“Promemoria.”

[20] KA,B/232:11,Sarajevo,Feb. 23,1909,FML Appel to Ob. Brosch;British National Archives,Kew(BNA),FO 120/907,Vienna,Oct. 28,1913.

[21] Norman Stone,<i>The Eastern Front 1914-1917</i>(London:Penguin,1998[1975]),1.22;Williamson,<i>Austria-Hungary and the Origins</i>,44;Gunther E. Rothenberg,“The Austro-Hungarian Campaign Against Serbia in 1914,” <i>Journal of Military History</i>,Apr. 1989,128-129;Conrad,<i>Infanteristische</i>,4-5;SHAT,7N 1125,Vienna,July 1,1882,Capt. Blanche,Vienna,Jan. 1914,7N 846,2èmc Bureau,Paris,Mar. 29,1913,Cdt. Girard,“L’Armée Austro-Hongroise”;Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf,<i>Aus Meiner Dienstzeit 1906-1918</i>(Vienna:Rikola,1921-1923),1:39-40.

[22] KA,B/677:0-10,4(Auffenberg),Vienna,Jan. 1,1913,“Memorandum nach meiner Demission als Kriegsminister.”

[23] Stone,<i>Eastern Front</i>,123;Rothenberg,<i>Army of Francis Joseph</i>,111.

[24] KA,B/677:0-10(Auffenberg),Sarajevo,July 1910,“Geist und innere Verfassung der Armee 1910”;BNA,FO 120/906,Vienna,Jan. 16 and Mar. 14,1913,Maj. Thomas Cuninghame to Cartwright.

[25] Wawro,<i>Warfare and Society</i>,205-209;Lawrence Sondhaus,<i>Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf:Architect of the Apocalypse</i>(Boston:Humanities Press,2000),61-77.

[26] Felix Prinz zu Schwarzenberg,<i>Briefe aus dem Felde 1914-18</i>(Vienna:Schwarzenbergisches Administration,1953),17.

[27] Alfred Krauss,<i>Die Ursachen unserer Niederlage:Erinnerungen und Urteile aus den Weltkrieg</i>,3rd ed.(Munich,1923),96-99.

[28] Hötzendorf,<i>Infanteristische</i>,1-3,6,14,57-58,89-90;BNA,FO 120/906,Vienna,Jan. 16 and Mar. 14,1913,Maj. Thomas Cuninghame to Cartwright.

[29] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Pera,Jan. 12,1909,Rives to Root.

[30] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct. 4,1908,O’Shaughnessy to Root.

[31] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Bucharest,Mar. 12 and 17,1909,Hutchinson to Bacon;Vienna,Apr. 3,1909,Francis to Knox;Budapest,Oct. 5,1908,translation of letter from Franz Joseph to Aerenthal.

[32] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Bucharest,Mar. 17,1909,Hutchinson to Bacon.

[33] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct. 4,1908,O’Shaughnessy to Root;<i>Boston Herald</i>,Oct. 9,1908.

[34] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Paris,Mar. 26,1909,White to Knox;Vienna,Apr. 3,1909,Francis to Knox.

[35] Christopher Clark,<i>The Sleepwalkers</i>(New York:Harper,2013),85-87;McMeekin,<i>Russian Origins</i>,28-29,36;Rothenberg,<i>Army of Francis Joseph</i>,156;Winston S. Churchill,<i>The World Crisis:The Eastern Front</i>(London;Thornton Butter worth,1931),39-40.

[36] Churchill,<i>World Crisis</i>,28-29.

[37] KA,B/232:11,Sarajevo,Feb. 18,1909,GdI Appel to Col. Brosch.

[38] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct. 24,1908,Rives to Root;Bucharest,Apr. 1,1909,Hutchinson to Knox;M 862,roll 568,Vienna,Aug. 18,1909,Rives to Knox;Williamson,<i>Austria-Hungary and the Origins</i>,71.

[39] Annika Mombauer,<i>Helmuth von Moltke and the Origins of the First World War</i>(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2001),118.

[40] Norman Stone,“Moltke-Conrad:Relations Between the Austro-Hungarian and German General Staffs 1909-1914,” <i>Historical Journal</i> 9,no. 2(1966):202-203;Mombauer,<i>Helmuth von Moltke</i>,75-76;Rothenberg,<i>Army of Francis Joseph</i>,157-158.

[41] Wawro,<i>Warfare and Society</i>,145-146;Rothenberg,<i>Army of Francis Joseph</i>,143.

[42] <i>Danzer’s Armee Zeitung</i>,May 28,1914,“Eine Lanze für das Bajonett.”

[43] Timothy C. Dowling,<i>The Brusilov Offensive</i>(Bloomington:Indiana University Press,2008),8-9.

[44] Haus-,Hof-und Staatsarchiv,Vienna(HHSA),PA I,810,Int. LXX/I,Belgrade,July 6,1914,Storck to Berchtold,“Aktuelles über die <i>Narodna Odbrana</i>.”

[45] “Dies Österreich,es ist ein gutes Land,” <i>Die Fackel</i> 5,293(Jan. 4,1910)and 5,368(Feb.5,1913).

[46] Vladimir Dedijer,<i>The Road to Sarajevo</i>(London:MacGibbon and Kee,1967),20;Jelavich,<i>History of the Balkans</i>,2:111.

[47] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Budapest,Oct.5,1908,trans. of letter from Franz Joseph to Burian;NARA,M 862,roll 940,Mar.1909,Robert Lansing,“Nationality and the Present Balkan Situation.”

[48] Williamson,<i>Austria-Hungary and the Origins</i>,73-74,105.

[49] Mitrovic,<i>Serbia’s Great War</i>,57-58.

[50] NARA,M862,roll 940,Vienna,Feb.27,1909,Francis to Bacon;BNA,FO 120/906,Vienna,Jan,1,1913,Maj. Thomas Cuninghame to Sir Fairfax Cartwright.

[51] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct.16,1908,Rives to Root.

[52] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct.16,1908,Rives to Root.

[53] <i>Die Industrie</i>,Apr.30,1910,“Quo vadis,Austria?”;NARA,M 862,roll 933,Vienna,Sept.2,1908,Rives to Root.

[54] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Vienna,Oct. 7,1908,Rives to Root;Williamson,<i>Austria-Hungary and the Origins,78-79</i>;<i>Reichspost</i>,Jan. 9 and 23,1913;BNA,FO 120/906,Vienna,Jan. 16,1913,Cartwright to Grey;Churchill,<i>World Crisis</i>,49-53.

[55] Moritz Freiherr von Auffenberg-Komarów,<i>Aus Österreichs Höhe und Niedergang:Eine Lebensschilderung</i>(Munich:Drei Masken Verlag,1921),170-174;Rothenberg,<i>Army of Francis Joseph</i>,145,152.

[56] Sondhaus,<i>Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf</i>,107.

[57] SHAT,7N 1131,Vienna,Jan. 16,1912,“Le General Schemua,” and Vienna,Apr. 25,1912,“Notes sur la politique balkanique austro-hongroise”;Sondhaus,<i>Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf</i>,104-107.

[58] Sondhaus,<i>Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf</i>,117.

[59] NARA,M 862,roll 940,Mar. 1909,Robert Lansing,“Nationality and the Present Balkan Situation.”