<h3>第一手资料</h3>

Albuquerque，Afonso de. <i>Cartas para El-Rei D. Manuel I</i>. Edited by António Baião. Lisbon，1942.

Albuquerque，Afonso de［1500-80］. <i>The Commentaries of the Great Alfonso de Albuquerque</i>. Translated by Walter de Gray Birch. 4 vols. London，1875-84.

Albuquerque，Luís de，and Francisco Contente Domingues，eds. <i>Grandes Viagens Marítimas</i>. Lisbon，1989.

Alvares，Francisco. <i>Narrative of the Portuguese Embassy to Abyssinia During the Years 1520-1527</i>. Edited and translated by Lord Stanley of Alderley. London，1881.

——. <i>The Prester John of the Indies</i>. Edited and translated by C.F. Buckingham and G.W.B.Huntingford. Vol. 2. Cambridge，1961.

Azurara，Gomes Eannes de. <i>The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea</i>. Edited and translated by Charles Raymond Beazley and Edgar Prestage. 2 vols. London，1896 and 1899.

Barbosa，Duarte. <i>The Book of Duarte Barbosa</i>. Translated by Mansel Longworth Danes. London，1918.

Barros，João de. <i>Da Ásia</i>. Décadas Ⅰ-Ⅱ. Lisbon，1778.

Cadamosto，Alvise. <i>The Voyages of Cadamosto</i>. Translated and edited by G. R. Crone. London，1937.

Ca&#39;Masser，Leonardo da. “Relazione di Leonardo da Ca&#39;Masser，alla Serenissima Republics di Venezia Sopra il Commercio dei Portoghesi nell&#39;India.” <i>Archivio Storico Italiano</i>，appendice，vol.2，1845.

Camões，Luís Vaz de. <i>The Lusíads</i>. Translated by Landeg White. Oxford，1997.

Castanheda，Fernão Lopes de. <i>História do Descobrimento e Conquista da Índia Pelos Portugueses</i>. Edited by M. Lopes de Almeida. 2 vols. Porto，1979.

Correia（or Corrêa），Gaspar. <i>The Three Voyages of Vasco da Gama</i>. Edited and translated by Henry Stanley. London，1879.

——. <i>Lendas da India</i>. 2 vols. Lisbon，1860.

Davenport，Frances Gardiner，ed. <i>European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies to 1648</i>. Washington，D.C.，1917.

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Góis，Damião de. <i>Crónica do Felicissimo Rei D. Manuel</i>. Vol. 1. Coimbra，1926.

——. <i>Lisbon in the Renaissance</i>. Translated by Jeffrey S. Ruth. New York，1996.

Greenlee，W. B.，trans. <i>The Voyage of Pedro Álvares Cabral to Brazil and India</i>. London，1938.

Ibn Iyas. <i>Journal d&#39;un Bourgeois du Caire</i>. Translated and edited by Gaston Wiet. Paris，1955.

Major，R. H.，ed. and trans. <i>India in the Fifteenth Century</i>. London，1857.

Pereira，Duarte Pacheco. <i>Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis</i>. Edited and translated by George H.T. Kimble. London，1937.

Pires，Tomé. <i>The Suma Oriental of Tomé Pires</i>. 2 vols. Edited and translated by Armando Cortesáo. London，1944.

Priuli，G. <i>Diarii</i>. Edited by A. Segre. In <i>Rerum Italicarum Scriptores，vol. 24，part 3</i>. Città di Castello，1921-34.

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Teyssier，Paul，and Paul Valentin，ed. and trans. <i>Voyages de Vasco de Gama：Relations des Expéditions de 1497-1499 et 1502-1503</i>. Paris，1995.

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Zayn al-Dīn ‘Abd al-’Azīz. <i>Tohfut-ul-Mujahideen</i>. Translated by M.J. Rowlandson. London，1883.

<h3>现代研究</h3>

Albuquerque，Luís de，and Francisco Contente Domingues，eds. <i>Dictionário de História dos Decobrimentos Portugueses</i>. 2 vols. Lisbon，1994.

Aubin，Jean，ed. <i>La Découverte，le Portugal et l&#39;Europe</i>. Paris，1990.

——. <i>Le Latin et l&#39;astrolabe：Recherches sur le Portugal de la Renaissance，Son Expansion en Asie et les Relations Internationales</i>. 3 vols. Lisbon，1996-2006.

Axelson，Eric. <i>The Portuguese in South-East Africa，1488-1600</i>. Johannesburg，1973.

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Baldridge，Cates. <i>Prisoners of Prester John：The Portuguese Mission to Ethiopia in Search of the Mythical King，1520-1526</i>. Jefferson，2012.

Bedini，Silvano A. <i>The Pope&#39;s Elephant</i>. Manchester，1997.

Blake，John W. <i>European Beginnings in West Africa，1454-1578</i>. London，1937.

Boorstin，Daniel J. <i>The Discoverers</i>. New York，1986.

Bouchon，Geneviève. <i>Albuquerque：Le Lion des Mers d&#39;Asie</i>. Paris，1992.

——. <i>Inde Découverte，Inde Retrouvée，1498-1630</i>. Lisbon，1999.

——. <i>Regent of the Sea</i>. Translated by Louise Shackley. Delhi，1988.

——. <i>Vasco de Gama</i>. Paris，1997.

Boxer，C.R. <i>The Portuguese Seaborne Empire，1415-1825</i>. New York，1969.

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Casale，Giancarlo. <i>The Ottoman Age of Exploration</i>. Oxford，2010.

Catz，Rebecca. <i>Christopher Columbus and the Portuguese，1476-98</i>. Westport，1993.

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Couto，Djanirah，and Rui Manuel Loureiro. <i>Ormuz 1507 e 1622：Conquista e Perda</i>. Lisbon，2007.

Crowley，Roger. <i>City of Fortune</i>. London，2011.

Danvers，Frederick Charles. <i>The Portuguese in India</i>. Vol. 1. London，1966.

Delumeau，Jean. “L’Escatologie de Manuel le Fortuné.” <i>Journal des Savants</i>，no.1（1995）：pp. 179-86.

Diffie，Bailey W.，and George D. Winius. <i>Foundations of the Portuguese Empire，1415-1580</i>. Minneapolis，1977.

Disney，Anthony，and Emily Booth，eds. <i>Vasco da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia</i>. Delhi，2000.

Domingues，Francisco Contente. <i>Navios e Viagens</i>. Lisbon，2008.

Donkin，R.A. <i>Between East and West：The Moluccas and the Trade in Spices up to the Arrival of the Europeans</i>. Philadelphia，2003.

Ferguson，Niall. <i>Civilization：The West and the Rest</i>. London，2011.