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[9] John Komlos，“On English Pygmies and Giants：The Physical Stature of English Youth in the late-18th and early-19th Centuries，” Discussion Paper 2005-06，Munich：Department of Economics，University of Munich，April 2005.

[10] Vane lived in Port Royal：TJR：The Tryals of Captain John Rackham and other Pirates，Kingston，Jamaica：Robert Baldwin，1720，p. 27.

[11] Marcus Rediker，Villains of All Nations：Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age，Boston：Beacon Press，2004，p. 51.

[12] David Ogg，England in the Reigns of James II and William III，Oxford，UK：Oxford University Press，1969，132；Maureen Waller，1700：Scenes from London Life，New York：Four Walls，Eight Windows，2000，pp. 1-4.

[13] New State of England，4th ed.，London：R. J.，1702，p. 149.

[14] Maureen Waller，1700：Scenes from London Life

，New York：Four Walls，Eight Windows，2000，p. 95.

[15] Maureen Waller，1700：Scenes from London Life，New York：Four Walls，Eight Windows，2000，p. 149.

[16] John Stow as quoted in Sir Walter Besant，The Thames，London：Adam & Charles Black，1903，p. 110.

[17] E.N.Williams，Life in Georgian England，London：B.T. Batsford，Ltd.，1962，pp. 113-114.

[18] Maureen Waller，1700：Scenes from London Life，New York：Four Walls，Eight Windows，2000，pp. 96-102；includes a photograph，“A General Bill of all the Christenings and Burials from the 19 of December 1699 to the 17 of December 1700.”

[19] Maureen Waller，1700：Scenes from London Life，New York：Four Walls，Eight Windows，2000，p. 62.

[20] A Trip Through the Town，London：J. Roberts，1705.

[21] J. P. Andrews，An Appeal to the Humane on behalf of the most deplorable class of society，the Climbing Boys，London：John Stockdale，1788，pp. 8-9，30-31.

[22] Edward Ward，The London Spy，London：The Folio Society，1955，Originally published 1698-1700，pp. 27-28.

[23] An Account of a Dreadful and Amazing Fire，London：Edward Harrison，1703. Pamphlet.

[24] David Cordingly，Under the Black Flag，New York：Harcourt，1997，p. 224；Richard Zacks，The Pirate Hunter，New York：Hyperion，2002，pp. 386-392.

[25] An Account of the Behavior，Dying Speeches and Execution of Mr. John Murphy，for High Treason，and William May，John Sparkes，William Bishop，James Lewis，and Adam Forseith，for Robbery，Piracy，and Felony，London：T. Crownfield，1696.

[26] R. D. Manning，Queen Anne’s Navy，London：Navy Records Society，1961，p. 170.

[27] R. D. Manning，Queen Anne’s Navy，London：Navy Records Society，1961，p. 170.

[28] Rediker （1987），p. 13.

[29] Edward Barlow quoted in Christopher Lloyd，The British Seaman 1200-1860：A Social Survey，Rutherford，NJ：Fairleigh Dickinson University Press，1970，p. 81.

[30] Edward Barlow quoted in Christopher Lloyd，The British Seaman 1200-1860：A Social Survey，Rutherford，NJ：Fairleigh Dickinson University Press，1970，pp. 43，81-82.

[31] Edward Ward，The London Spy，London：The Folio Society，1955，Originally published 1698-1700，pp. 249-250.

[32] Christopher Lloyd，The British Seaman 1200-1860：A Social Survey，Rutherford，NJ：Fairleigh Dickinson University Press，1970，p. 104.

[33] A Copy of the Marquis of Carmarthen’s Method for the Speedy Manning Her Majesty’s Royal Navy and for Encouraging Seamen，Speech given 12 February 1705，London：John Humfreys，1706，pp. 3-4.

[34] Christopher Lloyd，The British Seaman 1200-1860：A Social Survey，Rutherford，NJ：Fairleigh Dickinson University Press，1970，p. 109；A Copy of the Marquis of Carmarthen’s Method for the Speedy Manning Her Majesty’s Royal Navy and for Encouraging Seamen，Speech given 12 February 1705，London：John Humfreys，1706，p. 2.

[35] John Dennis，An Essay on the Navy，London：John Nutt，1702，p. 32.

[36] A Copy of the Marquis of Carmarthen’s Method for the Speedy Manning Her Majesty’s Royal Navy and for Encouraging Seamen，Speech given 12 February 1705，London：John Humfreys，1706，p. 3，John Dennis，An Essay on the Navy，London：John Nutt，1702，p. 32.

[37] Christopher Lloyd，The British Seaman 1200-1860：A Social Survey，Rutherford，NJ：Fairleigh Dickinson University Press，1970，pp. 108-109.

[38] Christopher Lloyd，The British Seaman 1200-1860：A Social Survey，Rutherford，NJ：Fairleigh Dickinson University Press，1970，pp. 142-143.

[39] John Dennis，An Essay on the Navy，London：John Nutt，1702，p. 33.

[40] John Dennis，An Essay on the Navy，London：John Nutt，1702，p. 32.

[41] R.D.Merriman，Queen Anne’s Navy，London：Navy Records Society，1961，p. 172.

[42] GHP：Charles Johnson，A General History of the Pyrates，ed. Manuel Schonhorn，Columbia，SC：University of South Carolina Press，1972，p. 71；Robert E. Lee，Blackbeard the Pirate：A Reappraisal of His Life and Times，Winston-Salem，NC：John F. Blair，1974，pp. 175-176n.

[43] Elizabeth Ralph and Mary E.Williams，The Inhabitants of Bristol in 1696，Bristol，UK：Bristol Records Society，1968.The author also examined partial tax records from the 1690s at the Bristol Records Office.

[44] Lease of Martin Nelme to Thomas Thatch and Charles Dymock，Bristol：27 November 1712，Bristol Records Office，Bristol，UK，Document 00452/12b；Marriage Settlement ofMartin Nelme，Bristol：28 November 1712，Bristol Records Office，Bristol，UK，Document 00452/12a.

[45] CO 152/12：Colonial Office Records：Leeward Islands Correspondence，1718-1719，National Archives，Kew，UK.，No. 67iii：Deposition of Henry Bostock，St. Christopher，Leeward Islands：19 December 1717.

[46] Roger H. Leech，The Topography of Medieval and Early Modern Bristol，Part I，Bristol，UK：Bristol Record Society，1997；Author visit，Bristol，November 2005；Frank Shipsides and Robert Wall，Bristol：Maritime City，Bristol，UK：Redcliffe Press，1981，pp. 47-50.

[47] David Ogg，England in the Reigns of James II and William III，Oxford，UK：Oxford University Press，1969，p. 328.

[48] James Boswell，The Life of Samuel Johnson，London：1791，p. 876.

[49] Rediker （1987），pp. 89，91，93.

[50] Quoted in Christopher Lloyd，The British Seaman 1200-1860：A Social Survey，Rutherford，NJ：Fairleigh Dickinson University Press，1970，p. 106.

[51] Rediker （1987），pp. 92-93.

[52] G. E. Manwaring，The Flower of England’s Garland，London：Philip Allan & Co.，1935，pp. 157-169；Edward Ward，The Wooden World Dissected，3rd ed.，London：M. Cooper，1744，p. 70.

[53] Hans Sloane，A Voyage to the Islands of Madera，Barbados，Nieves，St Christopher’s and Jamaica，Vol. I，London：B. M.，1707，p. 25.

[54] Rediker （1987），pp. 160-161；Stephen R. Brown，Scurvy：How a surgeon，a mariner，and a Gentleman solved the Greatest Medical Mystery of the Age，New York：St Martin’s Press，2003，pp. 14-15.

[55] Gottleib Mittelberger as quoted in John Duffy，“The Passage to the Colonies，” Mississippi Valley Historical Review，Vol. 38. No. 1 （June 1951），p. 23.

[56] Rediker （1987），pp. 127-128；“mouldy and stinking” Edward Barlow quoted in Christopher Lloyd，The British Seaman 1200-1860：A Social Survey，Rutherford，NJ：Fairleigh Dickinson University Press，1970，p. 108；Web site on HMS Victory （1797） at www.stvincent.ac.uk/Heritage/1797/Victory/food.html.

[57] Rediker （1987），p. 143.

[58] “Dispatch from Dublin Post-Boy of 11 March，” Boston News-Letter，1 May 1729，p. 1；“Boston Dispatch，November 4，” Boston News-Letter，6 November 1729，p. 2.

[59] Rediker （1987），pp. 215-221.

[60] The Tryal of Captain Jeane of Bristol，London：T.Warner，1726，pp. 5-7.

[61] Instructions，London：[for the Admiralty]，1714，p. 27；Dudley Pope，Life in Nelson’s Navy，London：Unwin Irwin，1987.

[62] Rediker （1987），pp. 32-33，47-48，92-93.

[63] Rediker （1987），pp. 144-146.

[64] Christopher Lloyd，The British Seaman 1200-1860：A Social Survey，Rutherford，NJ：Fairleigh Dickinson University Press，1970，pp. 107-108；R.D.Merriman，Queen Anne’s Navy，London：Navy Records Society，1961，pp. 171-173；Rediker （1987），p. 33.

[65] Elizabeth Ralph and Mary E.Williams，The Inhabitants of Bristol in 1696，Bristol，UK：Bristol Records Society，1968.The author also examined partial tax records from the 1690s at the Bristol Records Office，p. 107.

[66] 他的出生记录没能留存下来，但他的弟弟妹妹生于一六八○到一六八八年之间。我们知道，一七○五年，他在伦敦结婚时，“年约二十七”。见Bryan Little，Crusoe’s Captain，London：Odham’s Press，1960，第18页。

[67] Newton Wade，“Capt. Woodes Rogers，” Notes and Queries，Vol. 149，Number 22，28 November 1925，p. 389；G. E. Manwaring，The Flower of England’s Garland，London：Philip Allan & Co.，1935，pp. 92-93；Bryan Little，Crusoe’s Captain，London：Odham’s Press，1960，pp. 15-17.

[68] A Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain，pp. 346-347；on the Newfoundland fish trade see Michael Harris，Lament for an Ocean，Toronto：McClelland & Stewart，1998，pp. 42-43.

[69] Bryan Little，Crusoe’s Captain，London：Odham’s Press，1960，pp. 17-19.

[70] Elizabeth Ralph and Mary E.Williams，The Inhabitants of Bristol in 1696，Bristol，UK：Bristol Records Society，1968.The author also examined partial tax records from the 1690s at the Bristol Records Office，p. 106.

[71] Kenneth Morgan，Bristol and the Atlantic trade in the eighteenth century，Cambridge，UK：Cambridge University Press，pp. 29-30.

[72] Kenneth Morgan，Bristol and the Atlantic trade in the eighteenth century，Cambridge，UK：Cambridge University Press，p. 33.

[73] Andor Gomme，Michael Jenner，and Bryan Little，Bristol：an architectural history，London：Lind Humphries，1979，p. 94；Roger H. Leech，The Topography of Medieval and Early Modern Bristol，Part I，Bristol：Bristol Records Society，1997，pp. xx-xxvii，119-162；Morgan，pp. 7-9.

[74] Captain [Woodes] Rogers to William Dampier，circa 1695，as excerpted in William Dampier，Dampier’s Voyages，Volume II，John Masefiled，ed.，London：E. Grant Richards，1906，pp. 202-203，321-324.

[75] Christopher Lloyd，William Dampier，Hamden，CT：Archon Books，1966，pp. 15-16；Dampier，pp. 202-203，321-324.；David Lyon，The Sailing Navy List，London：Conway，1993，p. 26.

[76] Joel H. Baer，“William Dampier at the Crossroads：New Light on the ‘Missing Years，’ 1691-1697，” International Journal of Maritime History，Vol. VIII，No. 2 （1996），pp. 97-117.

[77] Bryan Little，Crusoe’s Captain，London：Odham’s Press，1960，p. 19.

[78] 我们知道他在一七○八年前，因为渔业贸易的关系去过那里。资料见Woodes Rogers，A Cruising Voyage Around the World，Originally published 1712，New York：Longmans，Green & Co.，1928，p. 99。

[79] W. N. Minchinton，The Trade of Bristol in the Eighteenth Century，Bristol：Bristol Record Society，1957，p. 6.

[80] “Poole，”“Trinity Harbour，” and “Old Perlican” in Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador，St. John’s，Nfld.：Memorial University，1997.

[81] J. K. Laughton，“Whetstone，Sir William （d. 1711）” in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography，Oxford University Press，2004；Bryan Little，Crusoe’s Captain，London：Odham’s Press，1960，pp. 19-20.

[82] Andor Gomme，Michael Jenner，and Bryan Little，Bristol：an architectural history，London：Lind Humphries，1979，pp. 96-98；Bryan Little，Crusoe’s Captain，London：Odham’s Press，1960，pp. 22-23.

[83] J.K Laughton，“Whetstone，Sir Willaim，” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography，Oxford，UK：Oxford University Press，2004；David Syrett （ed.），Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815，London：Navy Records Society，1994，p. 983.

[84] Wikipedia，“Charles II of Spain” and “War of Spanish Succession，” online resource，viewed 10 January 2006.

[85] G. J. Marcus，A Naval History of England，Volume I：The Formative Centuries，Boston：Little，Brown & Co.，1961，pp. 221-223.

[86] Bryan Little，Crusoe’s Captain，London：Odham’s Press，1960，p. 22.

[87] Oxford Dictionary；David Syrett （ed.），Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660-1815，London：Navy Records Society，1994，p. 983；G. E. Manwaring，The Flower of England’s Garland，London：Philip Allan & Co.，1935，p. 93n.

[88] Notes & Queries，Volume 149，Number 22，28 November 1925，p. 388；Newton Wade，“Capt.Woodes Rogers，” Notes & Queries，10th series，Number VIII，No. 207 （December 14 1907），p. 470.

[89] G. E. Manwaring，The Flower of England’s Garland，London：Philip Allan & Co.，1935，p. 93.

[90] William Hogarth，Woodes Rogers and his Family （1729），oil on canvas painting，National Maritime Museum，London.